ABSTRACT
Purpose: To study and compare the demographic and clinical profile of acute ocular burns (AOB) in children and adults. Methods: This retrospective case series included 271 children (338 eyes) and 1300 adults (1809 eyes) who presented to two tertiary eye care centers within one month of sustaining AOB. Data regarding demographics, causative agents, severity of injury, visual acuity (VA), and treatment were collected and analyzed. Results: Males were more commonly affected particularly among adults (81% versus 64%, P < 0.00001). Among children, 79% sustained domestic injuries, whereas 59% of adults had work?place injuries (P < 0.0001). Most cases were due to alkali (38%) and acids (22%). Edible lime (chuna, 32%), superglue (14%), and firecrackers (12%) in children, and chuna (7%), insecticides, lye, superglue (6% each), toilet cleaner (4%) and battery acid (3%) in adults, were the main causative agents. The percentage of cases with Dua grade IV?VI was greater in children (16% versus 9%; P = 0.0001). Amniotic membrane grafting and/or tarsorrhaphy were needed in 36% and 14% of affected eyes in children and adults, respectively (P < 0.00001). The median presenting VA was logMAR 0.5 in children and logMAR 0.3 in adults (P = 0.0001), which improved significantly with treatment in both groups (P < 0.0001), but the final VA in eyes with Dua grade IV?VI burns was poorer in children (logMAR 1.3 versus logMAR 0.8, P = 0.04). Conclusion: The findings clearly delineate the at?risk groups, causative agents, clinical severity, and treatment outcomes of AOB. Increased awareness and data?driven targeted preventive strategies are needed to reduce the avoidable ocular morbidity in AOB
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the gastrointestinal tract damage induced by acid detergent toilet cleaner and treatment methods.Method Acute toxicity of toilet cleaner was studied using big white rabbits.Subacute and chronic toxicity and treatment methods were studied by hospital patients.Results After falling 15 ml toilet cleaner into stomach through mouth in 2 rabbits,both died of gastric perforation.After one patient misapplied with 50 ml to//et cleaner,gastric corrosive ulcer was found by gastroscopy after treatment 7 d,gastric constrictive inflammation was found by upper gastrointestinal barium meal at 14 d after treatment,and gastric scarring was found by gastroscopy after treatment 51 d.Conchusions Acid detergent toilet cleaner mainly harm gastric mucosa,gastric perforation is easily induced in acute stage,gastric ulcer induced in subacute stage,and scarring induced in chronic stage.Taking orally pure milk,inhibiting gasuic acid secretion and haemostasis are mainly treatment methods.Examination of gastroscopy and upper gastrintesinal barium meal may be carried out in subaeute and chronic stages.